ECONOMICS, BUSINESS
and MANAGEMENT

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• 2021 International Conference on Management, Economics, Business and Information Technology (MEBIT 2021)
• ISBN: 978-1-60595-097-6
• ISSN: 2475-8868

2021 International Conference on Management, Economics, Business and Information Technology (MEBIT 2021)

2021 International Conference on Management, Economics, Business and Information Technology (MEBIT 2021) was held during June 19–20, 2021, in Changsha, China. The primary goal of the conference is to promote research and developmental activities in Management, Economics, Business and Information Technology. Another goal is to promote scientific information interchange between researchers, developers, engineers, students, and practitioners working all around the world.

MEBIT 2021 has received 102 papers and the papers come from both academia and industry concentrating on the international flavor of this event in the topics of Management, Economics, Business and Information Technology. All papers included into this collection have undergone careful peer-review by at least two reviewers before being selected for publication. Based on the peer review reports, 50 papers were accepted to be presented in MEBIT 2021 by the editors.

As a standard, DEStech will submit the technical science conference proceedings to be indexed in EI (Citation and Compendex). DEStech will submit the technical science conference proceedings to EI, Clarivate Analytics (formerly Thomson Reuters Web of Science) and CNKI Scholar for worldwide online citation within one month after the Proceedings is completed. Please note that DEStech does not submit Proceedings of Social Science to EI since they will not be accepted for EI Compendex. However, DEStech will submit proceedings of Social Science to Thomson Reuters Conference Proceedings Citation Index-Social Science & Humanities (CPCI-SSH). We also caution our editors that Proceedings containing plagiarized material and Proceedings advertised that they will definitely be accepted by EI will be rejected by EI.

2021 International Conference on Management, Economics, Business and Information Technology  

DEStech Publications, Inc.
439 North Duke Street Lancaster, Pennsylvania 17602 U.S.A.

Copyright © 2021 by DEStech Publications, Inc.

No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the publisher.

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2021 International Conference on Management, Economics, Business and Information Technology (MEBIT 2021)

ISBN: 978-1-60595-097-6

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• 2020 2nd International Conference on Arts, Humanity and Economics, Management (AHEM 2020)
• ISBN: 978-1-60595-685-5
• ISSN: 2475-8868

2020 2nd International Conference on Arts, Humanity and Economics, Management (AHEM 2020)

2020 2nd International Conference on Arts, Humanity and Economics, Management (AHEM 2020) was held on December 19–20, 2020, at Shanghai, China. The purpose of this conference is to provide a platform for academic exchanges between university scientists, academics, engineers and students around the world to promote research relationships between universities and industry.

As a standard, DEStech will submit the technical science conference proceedings to be indexed in EI (Citation and Compendex). DEStech will submit the technical science conference proceedings to EI, Clarivate Analytics (formerly Thomson Reuters Web of Science) and CNKI Scholar for worldwide online citation within one month after the Proceedings is completed. Please note that DEStech does not submit Proceedings of Social Science to EI since they will not be accepted for EI Compendex. However, DEStech will submit proceedings of Social Science to Thomson Reuters Conference Proceedings Citation Index-Social Science & Humanities (CPCI-SSH). We also caution our editors that Proceedings containing plagiarized material and Proceedings advertised that they will definitely be accepted by EI will be rejected by EI.

2020 2nd International Conference on Arts, Humanity and Economics, Management 

DEStech Publications, Inc.
439 North Duke Street Lancaster, Pennsylvania 17602 U.S.A.

Copyright © 2021 by DEStech Publications, Inc.

No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the publisher.

Manufactured in the U.S.A.

Main entry under title:
2020 2nd International Conference on Arts, Humanity and Economics, Management (AHEM 2020)

ISBN: 978-1-60595-685-5

Permission for publication outside of this Conference Proceeding must be given by the Publisher.

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• 2020 2nd International Conference on Education, Economics and Information Management (EEIM 2020)
• ISBN: 978-1-60595-684-8
• ISSN: 2475-8868

2020 2nd International Conference on Education, Economics and Information Management

(EEIM 2020) was held on December 19–20, 2020, at Shanghai, China. The primary goal of the conference is to promote research and developmental activities in Education, Economics and Information Management, another goal is to promote scientific information interchange between researchers, developers, engineers, students, and practitioners working all around the world.

As a standard, DEStech will submit the technical science conference proceedings to be indexed in EI (Citation and Compendex). DEStech will submit the technical science conference proceedings to EI, Clarivate Analytics (formerly Thomson Reuters Web of Science) and CNKI Scholar for worldwide online citation within one month after the Proceedings is completed. Please note that DEStech does not submit Proceedings of Social Science to EI since they will not be accepted for EI Compendex. However, DEStech will submit proceedings of Social Science to Thomson Reuters Conference Proceedings Citation Index-Social Science & Humanities (CPCI-SSH). We also caution our editors that Proceedings containing plagiarized material and Proceedings advertised that they will definitely be accepted by EI will be rejected by EI.

2020 2nd International Conference on Education, Economics and Information Management

DEStech Publications, Inc.
439 North Duke Street Lancaster, Pennsylvania 17602 U.S.A.

Copyright © 2021 by DEStech Publications, Inc.

No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the publisher.

Manufactured in the U.S.A.

Main entry under title:
2020 2nd International Conference on Education, Economics and Information Management (EEIM 2020)

ISBN: 978-1-60595-684-8

Permission for publication outside of this Conference Proceeding must be given by the Publisher.

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• 5th International Conference on Economics and Management (ICEM 2019)
• ISBN: 978-1-60595-634-3
• ISSN: 2475-8868

The 5th International Conference on Economics and Management (ICEM2019), which will be held during June 22-23, 2019 in Chengdu, China, aims to bring together leading academic scientists, researchers, scholars and students around the world to exchange and share their experiences, new ideas, and research results in the field of economics and management. ICEM2019 features unique mixed topics of quantitative economics, innovative country, information systems management, modern marketing management and so on. This conference provides opportunities for the delegates to exchange new ideas and application experiences face to face, to establish business or research relations.

As a standard, DEStech will submit the technical science conference proceedings to be indexed in EI (Citation and Compendex). DEStech will submit the technical science conference proceedings to EI, Clarivate Analytics (formerly Thomson Reuters Web of Science) and CNKI Scholar for worldwide online citation within one month after the Proceedings is completed. Please note that DEStech does not submit Proceedings of Social Science to EI since they will not be accepted for EI Compendex. However, DEStech will submit proceedings of Social Science to Thomson Reuters Conference Proceedings Citation Index-Social Science & Humanities (CPCI-SSH). We also caution our editors that Proceedings containing plagiarized material and Proceedings advertised that they will definitely be accepted by EI will be rejected by EI.

2019 5th International Conference on Economics and Management

DEStech Publications, Inc.
439 North Duke Street Lancaster, Pennsylvania 17602 U.S.A.

Copyright © 2018 by DEStech Publications, Inc.

No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the publisher.

Manufactured in the U.S.A.

Main entry under title:
2019 5th International Conference on Economics and Management (ICEM 2019)

ISBN: 978-1-60595-634-3

Permission for publication outside of this Conference Proceeding must be given by the Publisher.

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• 2019 International Conference on Advanced Education and Management (ICAEM 2019)
• ISBN: 978-1-60595-635-0
• ISSN: 2475-8868

2019 International Conference on Advanced Education and Management (ICAEM 2019) was held in Chengdu, China on June 22–23, 2019. The ICAEM 2019 is co-sponsored by Advanced Information Science Research Center (AISRC), The conference proceeding is published by DEStech Publications, Inc. ICAEM 2019 provides an excellent international forum for sharing knowledge and results in theory, methodology and applications of Advanced Education and Management. The conference looks for significant contributions to all major fields of the  modern Advanced Education and Management in theoretical and application aspects. The aim of the conference is to provide a platform to the global researchers and practitioners from both academia as well as industry to meet and share cutting-edge development in the fields.

This ICAEM 2019 proceeding tends to collect the up-to-date, comprehensive and worldwide state-of-art knowledge on Advanced Education and Management, including Education and Pedagogy, Management, etc. All of accepted papers were subjected to
strict peer-reviewing by 2–4 expert referees. The papers have been selected for this volume because of quality and the relevance to the conference. We hope this book will not only provide the readers a broad overview of the latest research results, but also provide the readers a valuable summary and reference in these fields.

As a standard, DEStech will submit the technical science conference proceedings to be indexed in EI (Citation and Compendex). DEStech will submit the technical science conference proceedings to EI, Clarivate Analytics (formerly Thomson Reuters Web of Science) and CNKI Scholar for worldwide online citation within one month after the Proceedings is completed. Please note that DEStech does not submit Proceedings of Social Science to EI since they will not be accepted for EI Compendex. However, DEStech will submit proceedings of Social Science to Thomson Reuters Conference Proceedings Citation Index-Social Science & Humanities (CPCI-SSH). We also caution our editors that Proceedings containing plagiarized material and Proceedings advertised that they will definitely be accepted by EI will be rejected by EI.

2019 International Conference on Advanced Education and Management
439 North Duke Street 
Lancaster, Pennsylvania 17602 U.S.A. 
Copyright © 2019 by DEStech Publications, Inc. 
No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the publisher. 
Manufactured in the U.S.A. 
Main entry under title: 
2019 International Conference on Advanced Education and Management (ICAEM 2019)
ISBN: 978-1-60595-630-0
Permission for publication outside of this Conference Proceeding must be given by the Publisher.

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• International Conference on Social Science, Economics and Management Research (SSEMR 2019)
• ISBN: 978-1-60595-638-1
• ISSN: 2475-8868

It is much pleased to have you come to visit 2019 International Conference on Social Science, Economics and Management Research (SSEMR2019). The Conference of SSEMR2019 is going to be held in Hangzhou, China from May 26-27, 2019 and will bring together researchers and practitioners from various communities of related domains to discuss some hot issues together. Full papers on topics related to the above including recent or ongoing research, surveys, and business/use cases are solicited by SSEMR2019. Your participation is very honor to us. It will make a perfect opportunity for you to present your research and meet other scholars during the conference time. Hope to see you in Beijing and provide an opportunity for you to interact with other scholars and researchers.

As a standard, DEStech will submit the technical science conference proceedings to be indexed in EI (Citation and Compendex). DEStech will submit the technical science conference proceedings to EI, Clarivate Analytics (formerly Thomson Reuters Web of Science) and CNKI Scholar for worldwide online citation within one month after the Proceedings is completed. Please note that DEStech does not submit Proceedings of Social Science to EI since they will not be accepted for EI Compendex. However, DEStech will submit proceedings of Social Science to Thomson Reuters Conference Proceedings Citation Index-Social Science & Humanities (CPCI-SSH). We also caution our editors that Proceedings containing plagiarized material and Proceedings advertised that they will definitely be accepted by EI will be rejected by EI.

2019 International Conference on Social Science, Economics and Management Research

DEStech Publications, Inc.
439 North Duke Street Lancaster, Pennsylvania 17602 U.S.A.

Copyright © 2019 by DEStech Publications, Inc.

No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the publisher.

Manufactured in the U.S.A.

Main entry under title:
2018 International Conference on Social Science, Economics and Management Research (SSEMR 2019)

ISBN: 978-1-60595-638-1

Permission for publication outside of this Conference Proceeding must be given by the Publisher.

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• 2019 International Conference on Education Research, Economics and Management (ICEREM 2019) 
• ISBN: 978-1-60595-636-7
• ISSN: 2475-8868 

The 2019 International Conference on Education Research, Economics and Management (ICEREM 2019) was held on June 29-30, 2019 in Singapore and organized by Singapore Management University and Qingdao University.

The objective of the ICEREM conference was to provide a forum for ideas exchange, knowledge sharing, and information dissemination concerning the study and research on education, management and economics in different parts of the world. And it seeks to further develop a regional and international network of academics, professionals, and policymakers in these related fields. The internationally distinguished professors and experts delivered keynote speakers to an enthusiastic audience, sharing their in-depth experiences of challenges and future trends, which made this conference remarkable. The participants had the privilege of hearing from the main researchers in their fields, as they presented the latest findings from their work. All papers were peer-reviewed by conference committee members and a panel of international reviewers who selected the papers to be published based on their quality and relevance to the topic of the conference.

As a standard, DEStech will submit the technical science conference proceedings to be indexed in EI (Citation and Compendex). DEStech will submit the technical science conference proceedings to EI, Clarivate Analytics (formerly Thomson Reuters Web of Science) and CNKI Scholar for worldwide online citation within one month after the Proceedings is completed. Please note that DEStech does not submit Proceedings of Social Science to EI since they will not be accepted for EI Compendex. However, DEStech will submit proceedings of Social Science to Thomson Reuters Conference Proceedings Citation Index-Social Science & Humanities (CPCI-SSH). We also caution our editors that Proceedings containing plagiarized material and Proceedings advertised that they will definitely be accepted by EI will be rejected by EI.

2019 International Conference on Education Research, Economics and Management

439 North Duke Street
Lancaster, Pennsylvania 17602 U.S.A.

Copyright © 2018 by DEStech Publications, Inc.

No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the publisher.

Manufactured in the U.S.A.

Main entry under title:

2019 International Conference on Education Research, Economics and Management (ICEREM 2019)

ISBN: 978-1-60595-636-7

Permission for publication outside of this Conference Proceeding must be given by the Publisher.

• Email orders@destechpub.com to purchase full access to this entire journal issue for only $25.00
• 2019 International Conference on Education, Management, Business and Accounting (EMBA 2019)
• ISBN: 978-1-60595-614-5
• ISSN: 2475-8868

As a scientific forum, the 2019 International Conference on Education, Management, Business and Accounting (EMBA 2019), opened from January 20 to 21 in Sanya city of China, has gathered passionate scholars and speakers with focus on teaching/ education science, business and management from many countries and regions for professional communication.
To prepare for EMBA 2019, we have invited speakers with research of innovation as well as scholars and scientists with interests on EMBA 2019 related topics for participation.
Sharing with participants the most inspiring and stimulating research achievements, EMBA 2019 will not only help our authors and contributors to advance in their work, but also provide impetus to and accelerate the development of the subject.
Before the convention, we have reviewed all submissions contributed to EMBA 2019 and we have worked with authors for improvement; it is our goal that EMBA 2019 will serve its participants as a communicating platform as well as an impetus for advance.
EMBA 2019 has over 200 submissions on teaching technology, education and course reform, business and management etc. topics covering some of the hardest/ hottest issues such as talent
training, the influence of new technology on education, income and social justice, and profit distribution etc.
After discussion with reviewers, 75 papers of inspiration and creation were accepted for publication in this volume as reference to world colleagues. As reader of this book, we believe you would find yourself inspired by the work of colleagues and get support for your future
development and advance.

As a standard, DEStech will submit the technical science conference proceedings to be indexed in EI (Citation and Compendex). DEStech will submit the technical science conference proceedings to EI, Clarivate Analytics (formerly Thomson Reuters Web of Science) and CNKI Scholar for worldwide online citation within one month after the Proceedings is completed. Please note that DEStech does not submit Proceedings of Social Science to EI since they will not be accepted for EI Compendex. However, DEStech will submit proceedings of Social Science to Thomson Reuters Conference Proceedings Citation Index-Social Science & Humanities (CPCI-SSH). We also caution our editors that Proceedings containing plagiarized material and Proceedings advertised that they will definitely be accepted by EI will be rejected by EI.

2019 International Conference on Education, Management, Business and Accounting
439 North Duke Street 
Lancaster, Pennsylvania 17602 U.S.A. 
Copyright © 2019 by DEStech Publications, Inc. 
No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the publisher. 
Manufactured in the U.S.A. 
Main entry under title: 
2019 International Conference on Education, Management, Business and Accounting (EMBA 2019)
ISBN: 978-1-60595-614-5
Permission for publication outside of this Conference Proceeding must be given by the Publisher.

• Email orders@destechpub.com to purchase full access to this entire journal issue for only $25.00
• 2018 International Conference on Economic Management Science and Financial Innovation (ICEMSFI 2018)
• ISBN: 978-1-60595-576-6
• ISSN: 2475-8868

2018 International Conference on Economic Management Science and Financial Innovation (ICEMSFI 2018) creates an academic platform for international experts and researchers in relative fields to share and exchange the latest research results and problem solving solutions. ICEMSFI 2018 has collected advanced results and trends in the field of
Management Science, Finance, Business Economics, Marketing, etc.
This book is a collection of selected academic papers. All the accepted are reviewed and edited by 2–3 expert referees from our academic committee board. This book aims to collect the advanced and practical results of researches and studies on Management Science, Finance, Business Economics, Marketing, etc.

As a standard, DEStech will submit the technical science conference proceedings to be indexed in EI (Citation and Compendex). DEStech will submit the technical science conference proceedings to EI, Clarivate Analytics (formerly Thomson Reuters Web of Science) and CNKI Scholar for worldwide online citation within one month after the Proceedings is completed. Please note that DEStech does not submit Proceedings of Social Science to EI since they will not be accepted for EI Compendex. However, DEStech will submit proceedings of Social Science to Thomson Reuters Conference Proceedings Citation Index-Social Science & Humanities (CPCI-SSH). We also caution our editors that Proceedings containing plagiarized material and Proceedings advertised that they will definitely be accepted by EI will be rejected by EI.

2018 International Conference on Economic Management Science and Financial Innovation
439 North Duke Street 
Lancaster, Pennsylvania 17602 U.S.A. 
Copyright © 2018 by DEStech Publications, Inc. 
No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the publisher. 
Manufactured in the U.S.A. 
Main entry under title: 
2018 International Conference on Economic Management Science and Financial Innovation (ICEMSFI 2017)
ISBN: 978-1-60595-576-6
Permission for publication outside of this Conference Proceeding must be given by the Publisher.

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• 2018 International Conference on E-Commerce and Contemporary Economic Development (ECED 2018)
• ISBN: 978-1-60595-552-0
• ISSN: 2475-8868

2018 International Conference on E-commerce and Contemporary Economic Development [ECED 2018] was held in Hangzhou, China on April 21–22, 2018. The ECED 2018 is co-sponsored by Advanced Information Science Research Center (AISRC), The conference proceeding is published by DEStech Publications, Inc. ECED 2018
provides an excellent international forum for sharing knowledge and results in theory, methodology and applications of E-commerce and Contemporary Economic Development. The conference looks for significant contributions to all major fields of the modern E-commerce and Contemporary Economic Development in theoretical and Application aspects. The aim of the conference is to provide a platform to the global researchers and practitioners from both academia as well as industry to meet and share cutting-edge development in the fields.

As a standard, DEStech will submit the technical science conference proceedings to be indexed in EI (Citation and Compendex). DEStech will submit the technical science conference proceedings to EI, Clarivate Analytics (formerly Thomson Reuters Web of Science) and CNKI Scholar for worldwide online citation within one month after the Proceedings is completed. Please note that DEStech does not submit Proceedings of Social Science to EI since they will not be accepted for EI Compendex. However, DEStech will submit proceedings of Social Science to Thomson Reuters Conference Proceedings Citation Index-Social Science & Humanities (CPCI-SSH). We also caution our editors that Proceedings containing plagiarized material and Proceedings advertised that they will definitely be accepted by EI will be rejected by EI.

2018 International Conference on E-commerce and Contemporary Economic Development

DEStech Publications, Inc. 
439 North Duke Street Lancaster, Pennsylvania 17602 U.S.A.

Copyright © 2018 by DEStech Publications, Inc.

No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the publisher.

Manufactured in the U.S.A.

Main entry under title: 
2018 International Conference on E-commerce and Contemporary Economic Development (ECED 2018)

ISBN: 978-1-60595-552-0

Permission for publication outside of this Conference Proceeding must be given by the Publisher.

• Email orders@destechpub.com to purchase full access to this entire journal issue for only $25.00
• 3rd International Conference on Society Science and Economics Development (ICSSED 2018)
• ISBN: 978-1-60595-031-0
• ISSN: 2475-8868

The 2018 3rd International Conference on Society Science and Economics Development (ICSSED 2018) has been held on January 27–28, 2018 in Nanjing, China. ICSSED 2018 is to bring together innovative academics and industrial experts in the field of society science and economics development to a common forum. The primary goal of the conference is to promote research and developmental activities in society science and economics development and another goal is to promote scientific information interchange between researchers, developers, engineers, students, and practitioners working all around the world.

As a standard, DEStech will submit the technical science conference proceedings to be indexed in EI (Citation and Compendex). DEStech will submit the technical science conference proceedings to EI, Clarivate Analytics (formerly Thomson Reuters Web of Science) and CNKI Scholar for worldwide online citation within one month after the Proceedings is completed. Please note that DEStech does not submit Proceedings of Social Science to EI since they will not be accepted for EI Compendex. However, DEStech will submit proceedings of Social Science to Thomson Reuters Conference Proceedings Citation Index-Social Science & Humanities (CPCI-SSH). We also caution our editors that Proceedings containing plagiarized material and Proceedings advertised that they will definitely be accepted by EI will be rejected by EI.

2018 3rd International Conference on Society Science and Economics Development
439 North Duke Street 
Lancaster, Pennsylvania 17602 U.S.A. 
Copyright © 2018 by DEStech Publications, Inc. 
No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the publisher. 
Manufactured in the U.S.A. 
Main entry under title: 
2018 3rd International Conference on Society Science and Economics Development (ICSSED 2018)
ISBN: 978-1-60595-031-0
Permission for publication outside of this Conference Proceeding must be given by the Publisher.

• Email orders@destechpub.com to purchase full access to this entire journal issue for only $25.00
• 4th International Conference on Modern Economic Technology and Management (ICMETM 2017)
• ISBN: 978-1-60595-547-6
• ISSN: 2475-8868

As a standard, DEStech will submit the technical science conference proceedings to be indexed in EI (Citation and Compendex). DEStech will submit the technical science conference proceedings to EI, Clarivate Analytics (formerly Thomson Reuters Web of Science) and CNKI Scholar for worldwide online citation within one month after the Proceedings is completed. Please note that DEStech does not submit Proceedings of Social Science to EI since they will not be accepted for EI Compendex. However, DEStech will submit proceedings of Social Science to Thomson Reuters Conference Proceedings Citation Index-Social Science & Humanities (CPCI-SSH). We also caution our editors that Proceedings containing plagiarized material and Proceedings advertised that they will definitely be accepted by EI will be rejected by EI.

2017 4th International Conference on Modern Economic Technology and Management

DEStech Publications, Inc.
439 North Duke Street Lancaster, Pennsylvania 17602 U.S.A.

Copyright © 2017 by DEStech Publications, Inc.

No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the publisher.

Manufactured in the U.S.A.

Main entry under title:
2017 4th International Conference on Modern Economic Technology and Management (ICMETM 2017)

ISBN: 978-1-60595-547-6

Permission for publication outside of this Conference Proceeding must be given by the Publisher.

• Email orders@destechpub.com to purchase full access to this entire journal issue for only $25.00
• 3rd International Conference on E-Commerce and Contemporary Economic Development (ECED 2017)
• ISBN: 978-1-60595-446-2
• ISSN: 2475-8868

The Third International Conference on E-commerce and Contemporary Economic Development in 2017 [ECED 2017], aims to bring together researchers, engineers, and students from around the world in both fields about e-commerce and contemporary economic development for information sharing and cooperation. Researchers and practitioners are invited to submit their contributions to ECED 2017.

As a standard, DEStech will submit the technical science conference proceedings to be indexed in EI (Citation and Compendex). DEStech will submit the technical science conference proceedings to EI, Clarivate Analytics (formerly Thomson Reuters Web of Science) and CNKI Scholar for worldwide online citation within one month after the Proceedings is completed. Please note that DEStech does not submit Proceedings of Social Science to EI since they will not be accepted for EI Compendex. However, DEStech will submit proceedings of Social Science to Thomson Reuters Conference Proceedings Citation Index-Social Science & Humanities (CPCI-SSH). We also caution our editors that Proceedings containing plagiarized material and Proceedings advertised that they will definitely be accepted by EI will be rejected by EI.

2017 3rd International Conference on E-commerce and Contemporary Economic Development

DEStech Publications, Inc.
439 North Duke Street Lancaster, Pennsylvania 17602 U.S.A.

Copyright © 2017 by DEStech Publications, Inc.

No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the publisher.

Manufactured in the U.S.A.

Main entry under title:
2017 3rd International Conference on E-commerce and Contemporary Economic Development (ECED 2017)

ISBN: 978-1-60595-446-2

Permission for publication outside of this Conference Proceeding must be given by the Publisher.

• Email orders@destechpub.com to purchase full access to this entire journal issue for only $25.00
• International Conference on Economics, Management Engineering and Marketing (EMEM 2017)
• ISBN: 978-1-60595-502-5
• ISSN: 2475-8868

 The 2017 Conference of International Conference on Economics, Management Engineering and Marketing (EMEM 2017) was held from October 20–22, 2017 in Xiamen, China. Aiming at providing an excellent international academic forum for all the researchers and practitioners, the conference enjoys a wide spread participation among all over the universities and research institutes. It provides opportunities for the delegates to exchange new ideas and application experiences, to establish business or research relations and to find global partners for future collaboration. Any papers and topic concentrates on related fields of Economics, Management Engineering and Marketing are broadly welcomed.

As a standard, DEStech will submit the technical science conference proceedings to be indexed in EI (Citation and Compendex). DEStech will submit the technical science conference proceedings to EI, Clarivate Analytics (formerly Thomson Reuters Web of Science) and CNKI Scholar for worldwide online citation within one month after the Proceedings is completed. Please note that DEStech does not submit Proceedings of Social Science to EI since they will not be accepted for EI Compendex. However, DEStech will submit proceedings of Social Science to Thomson Reuters Conference Proceedings Citation Index-Social Science & Humanities (CPCI-SSH). We also caution our editors that Proceedings containing plagiarized material and Proceedings advertised that they will definitely be accepted by EI will be rejected by EI.

2017 International Conference on Economics, Management Engineering and Marketing
439 North Duke Street 
Lancaster, Pennsylvania 17602 U.S.A. 
Copyright © 2017 by DEStech Publications, Inc. 
No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the publisher. 
Manufactured in the U.S.A. 
Main entry under title: 
2017 International Conference on Economics, Management Engineering and Marketing (EMEM 2017)
ISBN: 978-1-60595-502-5
Permission for publication outside of this Conference Proceeding must be given by the Publisher.

• Email orders@destechpub.com to purchase full access to this entire journal issue for only $25.00
• 4th International Conference on Economics and Management (ICEM 2017)
• ISBN: 978-1-60595-467-7
• ISSN: 2475-8868

Following the 3rd International Conference on Economics and Management [ICEM 2016] held in Suzhou, China during July 02-03, 2016, the DEStech Publications, Inc. (http://www.destechpub.com/), a professional publisher of original books, textbooks, eBooks, conference proceedings, and refereed journals in advanced technology, science and engineering across the United States, continued to publish the conference proceedings of ICEM 2017 with a maximum of a hundred and fifty contributions in the areas of economics and management, all featuring innovative content in relation to the state of the art in these disciplines.

As a standard, DEStech will submit the technical science conference proceedings to be indexed in EI (Citation and Compendex). DEStech will submit the technical science conference proceedings to EI, Clarivate Analytics (formerly Thomson Reuters Web of Science) and CNKI Scholar for worldwide online citation within one month after the Proceedings is completed. Please note that DEStech does not submit Proceedings of Social Science to EI since they will not be accepted for EI Compendex. However, DEStech will submit proceedings of Social Science to Thomson Reuters Conference Proceedings Citation Index-Social Science & Humanities (CPCI-SSH). We also caution our editors that Proceedings containing plagiarized material and Proceedings advertised that they will definitely be accepted by EI will be rejected by EI.

2017 4th International Conference on Economics and Management
439 North Duke Street 
Lancaster, Pennsylvania 17602 U.S.A. 
Copyright © 2017 by DEStech Publications, Inc. 
No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the publisher. 
Manufactured in the U.S.A. 
Main entry under title: 
2017 4th International Conference on Economics and Management (ICEM 2017)
ISBN: 978-1-60595-467-7
Permission for publication outside of this Conference Proceeding must be given by the Publisher.

• Email orders@destechpub.com to purchase full access to this entire journal issue for only $25.00
• International Conference on Economics and Management Engineering (ICEME 2017)
• ISBN: 978-1-60595-451-6
• ISSN: 2475-8868

ICEME 2017 is held in Wuhan, China from March 24th–26th, 2017. Aiming at providing an excellent international academic forum for all the researchers and practitioners, the conference enjoys a wide spread participation among all over the universities and research institutes. Any paper and topic concentrates on related fields of economics, management science and management engineering is broadly welcomed. Besides that we also look forward to making the conference perfect circumstances to share resources, exchange opinions and inspire studying.

As a standard, DEStech will submit the technical science conference proceedings to be indexed in EI (Citation and Compendex). DEStech will submit the technical science conference proceedings to EI, Clarivate Analytics (formerly Thomson Reuters Web of Science) and CNKI Scholar for worldwide online citation within one month after the Proceedings is completed. Please note that DEStech does not submit Proceedings of Social Science to EI since they will not be accepted for EI Compendex. However, DEStech will submit proceedings of Social Science to Thomson Reuters Conference Proceedings Citation Index-Social Science & Humanities (CPCI-SSH). We also caution our editors that Proceedings containing plagiarized material and Proceedings advertised that they will definitely be accepted by EI will be rejected by EI.

2017 International Conference on Economics and Management Engineering
439 North Duke Street 
Lancaster, Pennsylvania 17602 U.S.A. 
Copyright © 2017 by DEStech Publications, Inc. 
No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the publisher. 
Manufactured in the U.S.A. 
Main entry under title: 
2017 International Conference on Economics and Management Engineering (ICEME 2017)
ISBN: 978-1-60595-451-6
Permission for publication outside of this Conference Proceeding must be given by the Publisher.

• Email orders@destechpub.com to purchase full access to this entire journal issue for only $25.00
• 2nd International Conference on Modern Economic Development and Environment Protection (ICMED 2017)
• ISBN: 978-1-60595-518-6
• ISSN: 2475-8868

Organized by Advanced Information Science Research Center (AISRC) (http://www.aisrc.org/), the 2nd International Conference on Modern Economic Development and Environment Protection (ICMED 2017) held in Qingdao, China, December 16–17, 2017 (the 3rd week of December, Saturday to Sunday). The DEStech Publications, Inc. (http://www.destechpub.com/), a professional publisher of original books, textbooks, eBooks, conference proceedings, and refereed journals in advanced technology, science and engineering across the United States, continued to publish the conference proceedings of ICMED 2017 in the areas of economics and environment, all featuring innovative content in relation to the state of the art in these disciplines.

As a standard, DEStech will submit the technical science conference proceedings to be indexed in EI (Citation and Compendex). DEStech will submit the technical science conference proceedings to EI, Clarivate Analytics (formerly Thomson Reuters Web of Science) and CNKI Scholar for worldwide online citation within one month after the Proceedings is completed. Please note that DEStech does not submit Proceedings of Social Science to EI since they will not be accepted for EI Compendex. However, DEStech will submit proceedings of Social Science to Thomson Reuters Conference Proceedings Citation Index-Social Science & Humanities (CPCI-SSH). We also caution our editors that Proceedings containing plagiarized material and Proceedings advertised that they will definitely be accepted by EI will be rejected by EI.

2017 2nd International Conference on Modern Economic Development and Environment Protection
439 North Duke Street 
Lancaster, Pennsylvania 17602 U.S.A. 
Copyright © 2017 by DEStech Publications, Inc. 
No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the publisher. 
Manufactured in the U.S.A. 
Main entry under title: 
2017 2nd International Conference on Modern Economic Development and Environment Protection (ICMED 2017)
ISBN: 978-1-60595-518-6
Permission for publication outside of this Conference Proceeding must be given by the Publisher.

• Email orders@destechpub.com to purchase full access to this entire journal issue for only $25.00
• 2nd Asia-Pacific Management and Engineering Conference (APME 2016)
• ISBN: 978-1-60595-434-9
• ISSN: 2475-8868

As a standard, DEStech will submit the technical science conference proceedings to be indexed in EI (Citation and Compendex). DEStech will submit the technical science conference proceedings to EI, Clarivate Analytics (formerly Thomson Reuters Web of Science) and CNKI Scholar for worldwide online citation within one month after the Proceedings is completed. Please note that DEStech does not submit Proceedings of Social Science to EI since they will not be accepted for EI Compendex. However, DEStech will submit proceedings of Social Science to Thomson Reuters Conference Proceedings Citation Index-Social Science & Humanities (CPCI-SSH). We also caution our editors that Proceedings containing plagiarized material and Proceedings advertised that they will definitely be accepted by EI will be rejected by EI.

2016 2nd Asia-Pacific Management and Engineering Conference

DEStech Publications, Inc.
439 North Duke Street Lancaster, Pennsylvania 17602 U.S.A.

Copyright © 2016 by DEStech Publications, Inc.

No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the publisher.

Manufactured in the U.S.A.

Main entry under title:
2016 2nd Asia-Pacific Management and Engineering Conference (APME 2016)

ISBN: 978-1-60595-434-9

Permission for publication outside of this Conference Proceeding must be given by the Publisher.

• Email orders@destechpub.com to purchase full access to this entire journal issue for only $25.00
• 3rd International Conference on Economics and Management (ICEM 2016)
• ISBN: 978-1-60595-368-7
• ISSN: 2475-8868

ICEM 2016 aims to bring researchers and students from the areas of economics and management. ICEM 2016 provides a forum for debate, discussion and promotion of economics and management. It is an opportunity for those who are passionate about the fields to come together and debate the issues that matter.

As a standard, DEStech will submit the technical science conference proceedings to be indexed in EI (Citation and Compendex). DEStech will submit the technical science conference proceedings to EI, Clarivate Analytics (formerly Thomson Reuters Web of Science) and CNKI Scholar for worldwide online citation within one month after the Proceedings is completed. Please note that DEStech does not submit Proceedings of Social Science to EI since they will not be accepted for EI Compendex. However, DEStech will submit proceedings of Social Science to Thomson Reuters Conference Proceedings Citation Index-Social Science & Humanities (CPCI-SSH). We also caution our editors that Proceedings containing plagiarized material and Proceedings advertised that they will definitely be accepted by EI will be rejected by EI.

2016 3rd International Conference on Economics and Management

DEStech Publications, Inc.
439 North Duke Street Lancaster, Pennsylvania 17602 U.S.A.

Copyright © 2016 by DEStech Publications, Inc.

No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the publisher.

Manufactured in the U.S.A.

Main entry under title:
2016 3rd International Conference on Economics and Management (ICEM 2016)

ISBN: 978-1-60595-385-4

Permission for publication outside of this Conference Proceeding must be given by the Publisher.

• Email orders@destechpub.com to purchase full access to this entire journal issue for only $25.00
• Joint 2016 International Conference on Economics and Management Engineering (ICEME 2016) and International Conference on Economics and Business Management (EBM 2016)
• ISBN: 978-1-60595-365-6
• ISSN: 2475-8868

As a standard, DEStech will submit the technical science conference proceedings to be indexed in EI (Citation and Compendex). DEStech will submit the technical science conference proceedings to EI, Clarivate Analytics (formerly Thomson Reuters Web of Science) and CNKI Scholar for worldwide online citation within one month after the Proceedings is completed. Please note that DEStech does not submit Proceedings of Social Science to EI since they will not be accepted for EI Compendex. However, DEStech will submit proceedings of Social Science to Thomson Reuters Conference Proceedings Citation Index-Social Science & Humanities (CPCI-SSH). We also caution our editors that Proceedings containing plagiarized material and Proceedings advertised that they will definitely be accepted by EI will be rejected by EI.

Joint 2016 International Conference on Economics and Management Engineering (ICEME 2016) and International Conference on Economics and Business Management (EBM 2016)

DEStech Publications, Inc.
439 North Duke Street Lancaster, Pennsylvania 17602 U.S.A.

Copyright © 2016 by DEStech Publications, Inc.

No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the publisher.

Manufactured in the U.S.A.

Main entry under title:
Joint 2016 International Conference on Economics and Management Engineering (ICEME 2016) and International Conference on Economics and Business Management (EBM 2016)

ISBN: 978-1-60595-365-6

Permission for publication outside of this Conference Proceeding must be given by the Publisher.